Law and justice
Notarial professional
The problem
An AI-drafted power of attorney widens its object by a single word, such as to administer or to mortgage, reads silence on duration as unlimited validity, or says nothing about revocation. The text looks correct; the error is in what it assumes.
30 courses · 5 specific to this profession
A process from your work
How long does drafting a contract take you?
- Step 1From the client's request and the office template, the tool writes the first draft.
- Step 2You read the draft against the request and the law, sentence by sentence.
- Step 3The deed, reading it to the parties and the signature stay in the notary's hands.
- Where the tool goes wrongThe draft makes the exception the rule and allows a substitute the principal never chose.
- The verification stepRead the whole article and remove any power the client did not ask for.
More: what was measured and the full check
What changed, as measured
In the trial, drafting a contract took 32.1% less time with the AI tool; the complaint, the employee handbook section and the client memo also took less time.
Who was measured: Law students in their final years at a US law school, randomised to draft with or without an AI tool.
The caveat: Law students, not notaries, and a short contract, not a notarial deed; a small sample, and an earlier version of the tool.
The check, step by step
- For every article the draft cites, open the consolidated text on qbz.gov.al and read the whole article, not just the number and the chapter heading.
- Compare the draft sentence with the article on three points: who acts, whether it permits or prohibits, and which part is the rule and which the exception. If the text does not directly support the sentence, remove the reference or the sentence.
- Compare the powers in the power of attorney with what the client asked for and with the elements of Article 99(2) of Law no. 110/2018: the object, the legal circumstances, validity, term. Remove any power the client did not ask for, such as appointing a substitute.
- If the client does want a substitute allowed, write it as a permission the principal gives expressly, not as a rule of law. When reading the act aloud (Article 105(2)(gj)), read this sentence to the client on its own and ask whether they accept it.
In the course you draft powers of attorney, deeds and contracts with AI, following the verification protocol at every step.
We can help you with this process: “Notarial practice AI: Document drafting and verification”, 8 hours.
A documented failure pattern
The article exists, but says the opposite
A sentence from a draft special power of attorney for the sale of a flat. An AI tool drafted it for the notary from the office template, before the notary reads it through with the client.
Source: High Court of England and Wales, Ayinde and Al-Haroun, 2025, and 3 more.
Why it is easy to miss
In a power of attorney for a sale, this sentence lets the property be sold by someone the principal never chose. Article 69 makes acting in person the rule and allows a substitute only as an exception: where the principal allows it, or in two other narrow cases, and with a duty to notify at once. The draft turns the exception into the rule and claims the law grants a power the client never asked for. A quick check lets it through, because the article number is real and points exactly at the provision on substitutes, under the title “Representation”.
Where the failure pattern is documented: Court decisions (High Court of England and Wales, June 2025; US District Court for the Southern District of New York, June 2023), an academic study (Stanford University, May 2024) and professional guidance (CCBE, October 2025).Sources: High Court of England and Wales, Ayinde and Al-Haroun, 2025; Stanford and Yale study, 2024; CCBE guide for lawyers, 2025; US District Court, Mata v. Avianca, 2023.The case above is ours, written for work in Albania; the laws it names were checked against the official text.
What it looks like
The tool's draftUnder Article 69 of the Civil Code, the representative is entitled to appoint a substitute to carry out the sale at their own discretion, without the principal's consent being required.
Article 69 of the Civil Code (QBZ)"The representative is obliged to act personally and may not appoint a substitute, except where the principal has allowed it..."
Translated from the Albanian original.
Specialist courses for this profession
Courses on documents, records, compliance and verification in notarial practice. The notary retains professional responsibility.
Notarial practice AI: Operations foundation
Notarial practice AI: Document drafting and verification
Notarial practice AI: Regulatory compliance and anti-money-laundering (AML)
Notarial practice AI: Data, records and archive
Notarial practice AI: Preparation for assessment
What you leave with
For every power of attorney, the office completes a checklist before the act is drafted: instruments gathered, object read in the power's own words, duration, revocation checked with the issuing notary and in the registers. A completed example shows where the widened object was caught and who confirmed the revocation.
Notarial professional
The catalogue lists all 30 together, with filters for format and time.